Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) dalam Transformasi Digital: Konsep, Evolusi, Implementasi, dan Tantangannya

Abstract

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an integrated information system that plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency, data accuracy, and cross-functional coordination within modern organizations. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion on the evolution of ERP from MRP and MRP II to modern cloud-based ERP systems and their integration with emerging digital technologies such as AI, IoT, and big data analytics. The study examines fundamental ERP concepts, system architecture, core modules, vendor selection strategies, and key stages of ERP implementation. It also highlights critical success factors, including top management support, data quality, change management, and appropriate go-live strategies. Common challenges such as high implementation costs, employee resistance, and data migration complexity are analyzed. Case studies from national and international companies illustrate the tangible benefits of ERP in improving operational efficiency, data integration, and strategic decision-making. Overall, ERP serves as a foundational component of digital transformation and a strategic necessity for organizations in today’s competitive environment.

Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning, Integrated Information Systems, ERP Implementation, Digital Transformation, ERP Architecture, ERP Modules.