Kajian Literatur tentang Aspek Hukum Pidana dan Perdata dalam Kasus Pinjaman Online Ilegal di Indonesia.

Abstrak

The rise of illegal online lending practices in Indonesia has created legal issues involving both criminal and civil law simultaneously. This condition raises questions regarding the application of these two legal aspects in resolving cases and the effectiveness of legal protection for the public. This study aims to review and map various legal perspectives on illegal online lending cases through qualitative content analysis of ten scholarly articles obtained from Google Scholar (period 2015–2025). The findings indicate that criminal law aspects are predominantly discussed in the literature, particularly those related to fraud, personal data disclosure, and psychological coercion of victims, while civil law aspects focus on breach of contract, contract validity, and the liability of platform providers. Weak law enforcement and low public legal literacy further exacerbate the impact of these cases. This study is expected to provide a conceptual understanding of the relationship between criminal and civil law, as well as serve as a basis for strengthening regulations and enhancing legal protection for society.